In the UK, there are no specific legal maximum working temperatures for schools, colleges or universities.
However, employers must provide a reasonable indoor temperature.
The minimum recommended temperature for working indoors is normally 16°C.
There is no specific maximum temperature, but employers must control heat as a hazard to workers’ health and safety. While the law doesn’t set a limit, some organisations recommend an indoor maximum of 26°C.
Employers should have contingency plans to help staff and pupils cope with heat, and accurate thermometers should be available for temperature monitoring.
According to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), schools, colleges and universities should take the following precautions to ensure a reasonably comfortable temperature for staff and pupils:
1. Ventilation:
- Workplaces should be ventilated with fresh or purified air.
- Windows intended for natural ventilation should be able to open, and if not, alternative artificial ventilation methods should be provided.
2. Shade and Cooling:
- Shade, such as window blinds, should be provided where necessary.
- Additionally, special measures like electric fans or portable air-cooling equipment should be available when needed.
3. Temperature Reduction:
Here are some health and safety measures that schools can consider implementing for classrooms experiencing excessive heat:
1. Air Conditioning:
- While introducing a properly designed air conditioning system is effective, note that it may not be feasible in all buildings due to age, type, or planning restrictions.
2. Redesign Work Areas:
- Moving people away from windows or installing reflective film or blinds can help reduce heat gain and keep the workplace cooler.
3. Fans and Natural Ventilation:
- Providing fans or windows that open can assist in cooling down staff and pupils.
- Note that their effectiveness decreases at higher temperatures.
- Alternatively, portable air-cooling cabinets are more efficient.
4. Shady Areas:
- Develop shaded areas over time by planting trees or constructing shelters in playgrounds.
5. Water Coolers:
- Install water coolers to keep everyone hydrated.
6. Drinking Water in Classrooms:
- Allow pupils to drink water during class.
7. Dress Code Relaxation:
- Consider relaxing dress codes for both staff and pupils.
8. Window Blinds and Reflective Film:
- Install white blinds or reflective film on windows to reduce heat.
9. Portable Air Conditioning Units:
- Use these units in the worst-affected classrooms, even though they can be noisy.
When it comes to excessive heat in schools, colleges and universities, employers must take 'all reasonable steps' to ensure a reasonably comfortable temperature. Cost cannot be used as an excuse unless the measures would be disproportionately expensive. These legal requirements can be enforced by Health and Safety Executive (HSE) inspectors, who may issue notices to employers for compliance.
Additional steps to consider include:
1. Classroom Relocation:
- If classrooms become unacceptably hot, consider moving classes elsewhere or even allowing pupils to go home with reasonable notice to parents.
2. Security Considerations:
- Be mindful of security risks when leaving windows and doors open.
3. Protecting Health and Welfare:
- Schools should prioritise the health and welfare of staff and pupils, as well as the educational progress of students who struggle to concentrate in high temperatures.
4. Escalation:
- If schools fail to take necessary actions, matters may need to be escalated to NSEAD for direct intervention.